1947 in India
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Events in the year 1947 in India. It was a very eventful year as it became independent from the British crown, resulting in the split of India and Pakistan. Many people died during partition and India became a democracy.
Incumbents
[edit]- Emperor of India – George VI until 15 August
- King of India – George VI from 15 August
- Viceroy of India – The Viscount Wavell (until 21st February)
- Viceroy of India – The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma (21 February – 15 August)
- Governor-General of the Union of India – The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma (from 16 August)
- Prime Minister of India – Jawaharlal Nehru
Events
[edit]- National income - ₹85,101 million
January - June
[edit]- 1 March - Partition of India is finalised by Lord Mountbatten. Boundary Commission under Sir Radcliffe was setup to partition Punjab & Bengal.
- 15 March – Hindus and Muslims clash in Punjab.
- 15 March - Lord Mountbatten attempts his first effort to stop the Partition of Bengal & conduct the partition of Muslim majority Kashmir.
- 16 March - Maharaja Hari Singh of Kashmir disapproves of Lord Mountbatten's proposal.
- 25 March - Lord Mountbatten attempts his second effort to stop the Partition of Bengal & conduct the partition of Muslim-majority Kashmir.
- 26 March - Jawaharlal Nehru disapproves of Lord Mountbatten's proposal but Muhammad Ali Jinnah accepts the proposal of Lord Mountbatten.
- 2 April - Lord Mountbatten attempts his third effort to stop the Partition of Bengal & conduct the partition of Muslim-majority Kashmir. Gandhi starts his fast to keep India united.
- 5 April - Talks on stopping the Partition of Bengal & conducting the partition of Muslim-majority Kashmir fails as Jawaharlal Nehru & Maharaja Hari Singh disapprove of Lord Mountbatten's proposal. Proposal stands 2-1 in favour of the Partition of Bengal.
- 15 April - On the Bengali new year's day, Lord Mountbatten attempts his last ditch effort to stop the Partition of Bengal & conduct the partition of Muslim-majority Kashmir. Sir Radcliffe lends support to Lord Mountbatten as the proposal stands tied 2-2.
- 1 May - Shyama Prasad Mukherjee writes to Lord Mountbatten & Sir Radcliffe demanding a plebiscite to decide on the Partition of Bengal. Proposal stands 3-2 in favour of the Partition of Bengal. Lord Mountbatten comments "The Partition of Kashmir would have saved India-Pakistan conflicts. But it's hopeless as the India-Pakistan conflict will never end on Kashmir"
- 17 May – Tripura & Coochbehar are officially ceded to India after 200 years of independent rule.
- 18 May - Gandhi gives approval to the Partition of India after massive riots break out in Punjab & Bengal
- 23 May - The Partition of Bengal was finalized. West Bengal was slated to have Jessore, Khulna, Barisal, & Dinajpur Districts along with other Western districts of Undivided Bengal. A Total of 110,000 square kilometres (42,000 sq mi) area was given to West Bengal.
- 31 May - First Illegal Plebiscite to decide on the Partition of Bengal happens. Kolkata, Sunderbans, Murshidabad, Malda, Jessore, Khulna, Barisal, Kushtia, Pabna, Rajshahi, & Rangpur divisions of Bengal vote.
- 1 June - Second Illegal Plebiscite to decide on the Partition of Bengal happens. Dhaka, Mymensingh, Sylhet, & Chattogram (Chittagong) vote in favour of joining East Pakistan.
- 5 June - Shyama Prasad Mukherjee loses Plebiscite. He comes in 3rd position after winner Hussein Suhrawardy & runner-up Syed Muzaffar Ahmed. Kolkata, Sunderbans, Murshidabad, Malda, Jessore, Khulna, Barisal, Kushtia, Pabna, Rajshahi, & Rangpur divisions marked selected to join East Pakistan.
- 6 June - Gopalnath Mukherjee, Gopalnath Bhattacharya, & Chandi Upadhyay raid the second head office of Muslim League in Kolkata with 20,000 people to save Kolkata, Sunderbans, Jessore, Khulna, & Barisal from going into East Pakistan. All Muslim League leaders abandon second head office in Kolkata & flee to Dhaka.
- 6 June - Malda & Murshidabad, which were given to East Pakistan, were swapped with Jessore, Khulna, & Barisal. Kolkata was saved & Sunderbans was divided between India & East Pakistan. West Bengal looses 15,000 square kilometres (5,800 sq mi) due to Illegal Plebiscite.
July - December
[edit]- 5 July- The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament.
- 18 July- The Indian Independence Act received royal assent from the then British monarch, George VI.
- 30 July - Travancore formally agrees to join Dominion of India.[1]
- 7 August – The Bombay Municipal Corporation formally takes over the Bombay Electric Supply and Transport (BEST).
- 15 August – British India is dissolved and the Dominion of India gains its independence from the United Kingdom. A largely Hindu India and a Muslim Pakistan are created by partitions of the subcontinent, with Punjab and Bengal divided along religious-demographic boundaries between the two. Hindu – Muslim riots break out along both the western and eastern borders. Mass transfer of refugees takes place from the successor states of India to Pakistan and vice versa. The monarch of Kashmir signs instrument of accession with India in the face of heavy attack from Pakistani tribals, but at the same time he had signed a Standstill agreement with Pakistan. Mountbatten remains the Governor-general of India as wished by the Indians and Jawaharlal Nehru becomes the first Prime Minister of India. Nehru unfurls the Indian tricolor on the ramparts of the Red Fort, symbolically marking the end of British colonial rule.
- August – October – Thousands massacred & 1 million migrations in Punjab.[2]
- 13 September – Prime Minister Nehru suggests the transfer of 10 million Hindus and Muslims between India and Pakistan.
- 27 October – War breaks out between Indian and Pakistani forces in Kashmir.
- 9 November – Junagadh joins the Dominion of India
Law
[edit]- 10 August - Boundary Commission under Sir Radcliffe finally partitioned India. 300,000 square kilometres (120,000 sq mi) of area in Punjab got divided with 204,250 square kilometres (78,860 sq mi) going to West Pakistan (Only Pakistan since 1971). Remaining 95,750 square kilometres (36,970 sq mi) joins India as East Punjab. 250,000 square kilometres (97,000 sq mi) of area in Bengal got divided with 147,750 square kilometres (57,050 sq mi) going to East Pakistan (Bangladesh since 1971). Remaining 102,250 square kilometres (39,480 sq mi) joins India as West Bengal. (Later West Bengal lost 13,498 square kilometres (5,212 sq mi) more area to Bihar, Assam, & Odisha in 1948-53).
- Indian Independence Act
- Industrial Disputes Act
- Gauhati University Act
- Roorkee University Act
- Rubber (Production and Marketing) Act
- Indian Nursing Council Act
- Foreign Exchange Regulation Act
- Armed Forces (Emergency Duties) Act
- United Nations (Security Council) Act
- United Nations (Privileges and Immunities) Act
Births
[edit]- 8 January – Harish Naval, international literary journal chief editor.
- 2 June – Saint Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, Sikh theologian and leader (died 1984).
- 19 June – Salman Rushdie, novelist.
- 1 July – Sharad Yadav, politician (died 2023)
- 5 July – Lalji Singh, molecular biologist. (died 2017).
- 6 August – Srinivasa Prasad, politician (died 2024).
- 15 August – Raakhee, Bollywood actress.
- 17 October – Simi Garewal, actress.[citation needed]
Deaths
[edit]- 13 May – Sukanta Bhattacharya, Bengali poet (born 1926).
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Who was Sir CP, whose 'independent Travancore mission' ended with assassination bid". The Indian Express. 13 November 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ Everyman's Dictionary of Dates; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 263