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Béla Tarr

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The native form of this personal name is Tarr Béla. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Béla Tarr
Tarr at the Midnight Sun Film Festival in Sodankylä, Finland (2012).
Born (1955-07-21) 21 July 1955 (age 69)
Pécs, Hungary
NationalityHungarian
OccupationFilmmaker
Years active1971–present
Notable work

Béla Tarr (born 21 July 1955) is a Hungarian filmmaker. Debuting with the film Family Nest (1979), Tarr began his directorial career with a brief period of what he refers to as "social cinema", aimed at telling everyday stories about ordinary people, often in the style of cinema vérité. Over the next decade, he changed the cinematic style and thematic elements of his films. Tarr has been interpreted as having a pessimistic view of humanity; the characters in his works are often cynical, and have tumultuous relationships with one another in ways critics have found to be darkly comic.

Almanac of Fall (1984) follows the inhabitants of a run-down apartment as they struggle to live together while sharing their hostilities. The drama Damnation (1988) was lauded for its languid and controlled camera movement, which Tarr would become known for internationally. Sátántangó (1994) and Werckmeister Harmonies (2000) continued his bleak and desolate representations of reality, while incorporating apocalyptic overtones. The former sometimes appears in scholarly polls of the greatest films ever made, and the latter received wide acclaim from critics. Tarr would later compete at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival with his film The Man from London, which opened to moderately positive reviews.

Tarr frequently collaborated with novelist László Krasznahorkai, film composer Mihály Víg, cinematographer Fred Kelemen, actress Erika Bók, and Ágnes Hranitzky (then his partner). She is sometimes credited as a co-director of his last three works.

After the release of his film The Turin Horse (2011), which made many year-end "best-of" critics' lists, Tarr announced his retirement from feature-length film direction. In February 2013 he started a film school in Sarajevo, known as "film.factory", and moved in 2016. He has since created an installation that features newly shot film sequences, presented in a 2017 Amsterdam exhibition called Till the End of the World.[1]

Early life

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Tarr was born in Pécs, but grew up in Budapest.[2] His parents were in both the theatre and film industry: his father designed scenery, while his mother worked as a prompter at a theatre for more than fifty years.

At the age of ten, Tarr was taken to a casting session run by Hungarian National Television (MTV) by his mother, and he ultimately won the role of the protagonist's son in a TV drama adaptation of Tolstoy's The Death of Ivan Ilyich. Other than a small role in Miklós Jancsó's film Szörnyek évadja (Season of Monsters, 1986) and few one-glimpse cameos (such as in Gábor Bódy's Dog's Night Song [1983]), Tarr has sought no other acting roles. By his own account, initially he sought to become a philosopher, and considered film-making as something of a hobby. However, after making his 8mm short films, the Hungarian government would not allow Tarr to attend university so he instead chose to pursue film production.

Early work

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Béla Tarr in 1983

Tarr began to realize his interest in film making at the age of 16 by making amateur films and later working as a caretaker at a national House for Culture and Recreation.[3] Most of his amateur works were documentaries, mostly about the life of workers or poor people in urban Hungary. His amateur work brought him to the attention of the Béla Balázs Studios (named in honor of the Hungarian cinema theorist) which helped fund Tarr's 1977 feature debut, Családi tűzfészek, which Tarr began filming at age 22.[3] He shot the film with little budget and using non-professional actors in six days. The film was faithful to the "Budapest school" or "documentarist" style popular at the time within Béla Balázs Studios, maintaining absolute social realism on screen. Critics found the film to suggest the influence of the American director John Cassavetes,[3][4] although Tarr denied having seen any of Cassavetes's films prior to shooting Családi tűzfészek, which was released in 1979.[citation needed]

After completing "Családi tűzfészek," Tarr began his studies in the Hungarian School of Theatrical and Cinematic Arts. The 1980 film Szabadgyalog (The Outsider) and the following year's Panelkapcsolat (The Prefab People) continued in much the same vein, with small changes in style. The latter was the first film by Tarr to feature professional actors in the leading roles. With a 1982 television adaptation of Macbeth, his work began to change dramatically. The film is composed of only two shots: the first shot (before the main title) is five minutes long, the second 67 minutes long.[3]

Later work

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After 1984's Őszi almanach (Almanac of Fall), Tarr (who had written his first four features alone) began collaborating with Hungarian novelist László Krasznahorkai for 1988's Kárhozat (Damnation). A planned adaptation of Krasznahorkai's epic novel Sátántangó took over seven years to realize; the 415-minute film was finally released to international acclaim in 1994.[3] After this epic he released the 35-minute Journey on the Plain in 1995, but fell into silence until 2000's Werckmeister Harmóniák (Werckmeister Harmonies). It was acclaimed by critics and the Festival circuit in general.

Many, if not most, of the shots in these later films are around six to eleven minutes long. It is possible that for some, a month was spent on a single shot. In many of these shots the camera swoops, glides, pans, and/or cranes. Often it circles the characters, and sometimes even spans multiple scenes. A shot may, as in the opening of Sátántangó, travel with a herd of cows around a village, or follow the nocturnal peregrinations of a drunkard who is forced to leave his house because he's run out of alcohol. American writer and critic Susan Sontag championed Tarr as one of the saviors of modern cinema, saying she would gladly watch Sátántangó once a year.

After Werckmeister Harmonies he began filming A Londoni férfi (The Man From London) an adaptation of a Georges Simenon novel. It was scheduled to be released at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival in May, but production was postponed because of the February suicide of producer Humbert Balsan. Additionally, there were disputes with other producers regarding a possible change in the film's financing.[5] It premiered at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival[6] and was released worldwide in 2008. Tarr then began working on a film called A torinói ló (The Turin Horse) which he has said will be his last.

For many years, none of his work was available on DVD (except in Japan), but Werckmeister Harmonies and Damnation have been made available on a two-disc DVD in Europe, courtesy of Artificial Eye (who have also issued The Man From London) and both films are now available in North America on separate DVDs from Facets Video. Tarr's early works; Family Nest, The Outsider, and The Prefab People are also available on DVD in the US, courtesy of Facets. Facets was supposed to release Sátántangó on DVD on 28 November 2006 but was delayed until 22 July 2008. Artificial Eye released the film on 14 November 2006. A comparison of the two DVD editions has been posted at DVD Beaver.[7] In 2020, a 4K restoration of Sátántangó was released on Blu-ray by Curzon Artificial Eye and was made available for online streaming by the Criterion Channel.

In July 2021, he executive-produced the Icelandic-Swedish-Polish horror-drama film Lamb, directed by his former student at film.factory, Valdimar Jóhannsson.[8] It is due to be released on 8 October 2021 by A24.

Influence on others

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Tarr presenting a film by Hu Bo in 2018

Gus Van Sant often cites Tarr as a huge influence on his later work,[9] beginning with Gerry when Van Sant began using very long uninterrupted takes.

Cine Foundation International

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In January 2011, Tarr joined the Board of Directors of the recently formed cinema foundation and NGO for human rights Cine Foundation International. In a press release dated 24 January 2011 Tarr made the following statement regarding the imprisonment of filmmakers Jafar Panahi and Mohammad Rasoulof:

Cinematography is an integral part of universal human culture! An attack against cinematography is desecrating universal human culture! This cannot be justified by any notion, ideology or religious conviction! Our friend, brother and esteemed colleague Jafar Panahi is in prison today, based on conjured and fictional accusations! Jafar did not do anything else than what is the duty of all of us; to talk honestly, fairly about our own country and loved ones, to show everything that surrounds us with tender tolerance and harsh austerity! Jafar’s real crime is that he did just that; gracefully, elegantly and with a roguish smile in his eyes! Jafar made us love his heroes, the people of Iran; he achieved that they have become members of our families! WE CANNOT LOSE HIM! This is our common responsibility, as despite all appearances we belong together.[10][11][12]

Awards

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In September 2012, he received the BIAFF special award for lifetime achievement.

In June 2017, he received the lifetime achievement at Sardinia Film Festival, XII edition.[13]

In December 2022, he received the lifetime achievement award at International Film Festival of Kerala, IFFK, 27th edition.[14]

In November 2024, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 37th Tokyo International Film Festival, TIFF.[15]

Political views

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In his later high school years, Tarr adopted far-leftist and anarchist views. About his last years of high school Tarr said "I didn't even take my schoolbag, I had Mao's Bible in my pocket, and that was more than enough for me."[16]

In an interview in 2023 Tarr said "I still consider myself an anarchist".[17] Tarr is an atheist.[18]

Tarr is a critic of nationalism. In a 2016 interview said, "Trump is the shame of the United States. Mr. Orbán is the shame of Hungary. Marine Le Pen is the shame of France. Et cetera."[19] In a letter hung near the entrance to a pro-migration exhibition in front of the Hungarian Parliament, Tarr wrote, "We have brought the planet to the brink of catastrophe with our greediness and our unlimited ignorance. With the horrible wars we waged with the goal of robbing the people there. [...] Now we are confronted with the victims of our acts. We must ask the question: who are we, and what morality do we represent when we build a fence to keep out these people?"[20]

In December 2023, alongside 50 other filmmakers, Tarr signed an open letter published in Libération demanding a ceasefire and an end to the killing of civilians amid the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip, and for a humanitarian corridor into Gaza to be established for humanitarian aid, and the release of hostages.[21][22][23]

Filmography

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Feature films

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Television films

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Short films

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Documentary films

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  • Az utolsó hajó / The Last Boat (1990, 31 min), segment from City Life
  • Muhamed (2017, 10 min)
  • Missing People (2019, 95 min)

Sources

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  • Ramón Andrés,[24] «Nada. A propósito de El caballo de Turín de Béla Tarr», en Pensar y no caer[25] Barcelona, Acantilado, 2016, pp. 195–220.
  • Thorsten Botz-Bornstein, Organic Cinema: Film Architecture, and the Work of Bela Tarr (New York: Berghahn, 2017)
  • Jacques Rancière, Béla Tarr, The Time After (Minneapolis: Univocal, 2013)
  • András Bálint Kovács, The Cinema of Béla Tarr: The Circle Closes" (London: Wallflower, 2013)
  • Ira Jaffe: Slow Movies, Countering the Cinema of Action (New York: Wallflower Press, 2014)

References

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  1. ^ "Béla Tarr—Till the End of the World – W86th". Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  2. ^ Adam Bingham (July 2011). Directory of World Cinema. Intellect Books. pp. 206–. ISBN 978-1-84150-518-3.
  3. ^ a b c d e Ankeny, Jason. "Béla Tarr > Overview". Allmovie (All Media Guide). Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  4. ^ Wilmington, Michael (10 May 1996). "HUNGARIAN BELA TARR'S GENIUS ON VIEW DURING FACETS RETROSPECTIVE". Chicago Tribune.
  5. ^ Gaydos, Steven; Hofmann, Katja (20 March 2005). "'Man' overboard in Corsica". Variety.
  6. ^ "Festival de Cannes: The Man from London". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
  7. ^ "Satantango - Mihály Vig". Dvdbeaver.com. Archived from the original on 11 February 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
  8. ^ "'Lamb' ('Dýrið'): Film Review | Cannes 2021". The Hollywood Reporter. 14 July 2021. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012.
  9. ^ Jones, Jenny (17 March 2008). "Gus Van Sant in the light of Béla Tarr". blogs.walkerart.org. Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2011. I have been influenced by Béla Tarr's films and after reviewing the last three works Damnation, Satantango, and Werckmeister Harmonies, I find myself attempting to rethink film grammar and the effect industry has had on it.
  10. ^ Garage. "Bela Tarr Joins Cine Foundation International's Board of Directors on Production Notes". Mubi.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
  11. ^ "Béla Tarr Joins Cine Foundation International's Board of Directors | Cine Foundation International". Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
  12. ^ "Berlinale Film Awards, 2011". Doha Film Institute. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  13. ^ "FESTIVALS: BIAFF Grand Prix award goes to In Darkness". Archived from the original on 2 October 2012.
  14. ^ "IFFK lifetime achievement award for Hungarian filmmaker Bela Tarr". The Hindu. 29 November 2022. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  15. ^ Shackleton, Liz (21 October 2024). "Bela Tarr To Receive Lifetime Achievement Award At Tokyo Film Festival". Deadline. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  16. ^ Partizán (24 March 2023). "Kozmikus a szar" | életútinterjú Tarr Bélával [interview with ENG subs with Béla Tarr]. Retrieved 20 May 2024 – via YouTube. (segment on Tarr's political views in his younger years, starting at 5:40)
  17. ^ Partizán (24 March 2023). "Kozmikus a szar" | életútinterjú Tarr Bélával [interview with ENG subs with Béla Tarr]. Retrieved 20 May 2024 – via YouTube. (segment on Tarr's current political views, starting at 1:19:17)
  18. ^ Martin Kudlac (18 July 2016). "Notebook Interview - "Be More Radical Than Me!": A Conversation with Béla Tarr". MUBI. MUBI. Retrieved 15 July 2021. Notebook: "Are you a secular filmmaker?" Tarr: "I am just a simple atheist. I do not believe in God, okay. That's simple."
  19. ^ MacFarlane, Steve (6 December 2016). "Marrakech International Film Festival: An Interview with Director Béla Tarr". Slant. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  20. ^ Gray, Carmen (16 February 2017). "Béla Tarr: what can a new scene add to the legacy of a great director?". Calvin 22 Foundation. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  21. ^ "Gaza : des cinéastes du monde entier demandent un cessez-le-feu immédiat". Libération (in French). 28 December 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  22. ^ Newman, Nick (29 December 2023). "Claire Denis, Ryusuke Hamaguchi, Kiyoshi Kurosawa, Christian Petzold, Apichatpong Weerasethakul & More Sign Demand for Ceasefire in Gaza". The Film Stage. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  23. ^ "Directors of cinema sign petition for immediate ceasefire". The Jerusalem Post. 31 December 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  24. ^ "ramonandres.info". ramonandres.info.
  25. ^ "Ensayos". 28 January 2019. Archived from the original on 28 January 2019.
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