Eriophyllum lanatum

Eriophyllum lanatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Eriophyllum
Species:	E. lanatum
Binomial name
	Eriophyllum lanatum; (Pursh) Forbes
Synonyms
	Synonymy Actinella lanata Pursh 1813 ; Actinea lanata (Pursh) Steud. ; Bahia lanata (Pursh) DC. ; Helenium lanatum (Pursh) Spreng. ; Trichophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Nutt. ; Eriophyllum caespitosum Douglas ex Lindl. ; Eriophyllum harfordii Rydb. ; Eriophyllum pedunculatum A.Heller ; Eriophyllum superbum Rydb. ; Bahia achillioides DC., syn of var. achillioides ; Eriophyllum achilleoides (DC.) Greene, syn of var. achillioides ; Eriophyllum greenei Elmer, syn of var. achillioides ; Eriophyllum idoneum Jeps., syn of var. achillioides ; Eriophyllum ternatum Greene, syn of var. achillioides ; Bahia arachnoidea Fisch. & Avé-Lall., syn of var. arachnoideum ; Bahia latifolia Lindl. 1853 not Benth. 1844, syn of var. arachnoideum ; Bahia trolliifolia (Lag.) DC., syn of var. arachnoideum ; Eriophyllum arachnoideum (Fisch. & Avé-Lall.) Greene, syn of var. arachnoideum ; Eriophyllum trolliifolium Lag., syn of var. arachnoideum ; Eriophyllum croceum Greene, syn of var. croceum ; Egletes californica Kellogg, syn of var. grandiflorum ; Eriophyllum grandiflorum (A.Gray) Greene, syn of var. grandiflorum ; Eriophyllum speciosum Greene, syn of var. grandiflorum ; Bahia cuneata Kellogg, syn of var. integrifolium ; Bahia gracilis Hook. & Arn., syn of var. integrifolium ; Bahia integrifolia (Hook.) DC., syn of var. integrifolium ; Bahia leucophylla D.C.Eaton 1871 not DC. 1836, syn of var. integrifolium ; Bahia multiflora (Nutt.) Nutt., syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum bolanderi Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum chrysanthum Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum cineraria Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum cuneatum Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum gracile (Hook. & Arn.) A.Gray, syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum integrifolium (Hook.) Greene, syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum lutescens Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum monoense Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum multiflorum (Nutt.) Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum nevadense Gand., syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum trichocarpum Rydb., syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum watsonii A.Gray, syn of var. integrifolium ; Trichophyllum integrifolium Hook., syn of var. integrifolium ; Trichophyllum multiflorum Nutt., syn of var. integrifolium ; Eriophyllum lanceolatum Howell, syn of var. lanceolatum ; Eriophyllum rixfordii Eastw., syn of var. lanceolatum ; Eriophyllum leucophyllum (DC.) Howell, syn of var. leucophyllum ; Eriophyllum brachylepis Rydb., syn of var. obovatum ; Eriophyllum obovatum Greene, syn of var. obovatum ;

Eriophyllum lanatum, with the common names common woolly sunflower, Oregon sunshine and golden yarrow,^[3] is a common, widespread, North American plant in the family Asteraceae.^[4]^[5]^[2]

Description

Eriophyllum lanatum is a perennial herb growing from 30 to 60 centimetres (12 to 24 inches) in height, in well-branched clumps. Both the stems and leaves may be covered with a woolly gray hair, but some plants lack this. The leaves are 2.5–7.5 cm (1–3 in) long,^[3] linear on the upper stems, and slender and pinnately lobed on the lower stems.^[2] The hairs conserve water by reflecting heat and reducing air movement across the leaf's surface.^[2]^[3]

The flowers are yellow and composite, looking much like true sunflowers, and sometimes grow to about 5 cm (2 in) wide.^[3] Both the (8–12) ray and disk flowers are yellow,^[3] with one flower head on each flowering stalk.^[2]^[6] The flower heads have 6–14 rays, which are darker towards the base, and several disk flowers.^[7] They bloom from May to August.^[4]^[5] The seeds have scales at the tip.^[3]

Shrub prior to bloom
Leaves
Flowers in bloom
Flower close-up
Side view of flower

Taxonomy

The Lewis and Clark Expedition reportedly saw this plant growing above their camp on the Clearwater River (near present-day Kamiah, Idaho), and collected two specimens on 6 June 1806.^{[citation needed]} Botanist Frederick Traugott Pursh studied the plants collected on the expedition; his first classification and naming of the species, as Actinella lanata, was published in 1813.^[8]

The common name "woolly sunflower" is often used to describe any member of the genus Eriophyllum.

Varieties

Varieties include:^[2]^[4]^[6]

Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillioides (DC.) Jeps. — California, Nevada, Oregon.^[9]
Eriophyllum lanatum var. arachnoideum (Fisch. & Avé-Lall.) Jeps. — Spiderweb sunflower; endemic to the California Coast Ranges from Del Norte County to Monterey County in California.^[10]
Eriophyllum lanatum var. croceum (Greene) Jeps. — Sierra woolly sunflower; endemic to the Sierra Nevada in California.^[11]
Eriophyllum lanatum var. grandiflorum (A.Gray) Jeps. — Large flowered woolly sunflower; northern California, Oregon.^[12]
Eriophyllum lanatum var. hallii Constance — Fort Tejon woolly sunflower, Hall's woolly sunflower; endemic to the Tehachapi Mountains in Kern County, and Sierra Madre Mountains in Santa Barbara County, in southern California.^[13]
Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium (Hook.) Smiley — Oregon sunshine; California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.^[14]
Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanatum — Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanceolatum (Howell) Jeps. — endemic to the Klamath Mountains, in NW California and SW Oregon.^[15]
Eriophyllum lanatum var. leucophyllum (DC.) W.R.Carter — British Columbia, Oregon, Washington.
Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum (Greene) H.M.Hall — Southern Sierra woolly sunflower; endemic to the western Sierra Nevada and the San Bernardino Mountains in California.^[16]

Distribution and habitat

Eriophyllum lanatum is native to western North America. It is most common across California,^[4] also growing north through Oregon into British Columbia and east through Idaho into Wyoming, and through Nevada into Utah.^[4]^[17] This species has only been collected from Mexico once, on Guadalupe Island, and it is most likely extirpated there.^[18]

It can be found (for instance in California) in chaparral, oak woodland, mixed evergreen forest, and yellow pine forest and other conifer forests, grassland, and sagebrush scrub habitats.^[4] It commonly grows in dry, open places^[3] below 3,000 meters (10,000 feet) in elevation. It prefers full sun and well-drained soil, but it also grows on rocky slopes and bluffs.^[7]

References

^ The Plant List, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J.Forbes
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Tropicos, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. pp. 373–374. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f University of California, Calflora taxon report: Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) James Forbes
^ ^a ^b Sierra Nevada Wildflowers, Karen Wiese, 2nd Ed. 2013, p. 116
^ ^a ^b Flora of North America, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes, 1833. Common woolly sunflower
^ ^a ^b Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 144. ISBN 0-87842-280-3. OCLC 25708726.
^ Pursh, Frederick Traugott (1813). A Systematic Arrangement and Description of The Plants of North America.
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. achilleoides
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. arachnoideum
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. croceum
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. grandiflorum
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. hallii
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanceolatum
^ Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum
^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
^ Rebman, J. P.; Gibson, J.; Rich, K. (2016). "Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico" (PDF). San Diego Society of Natural History. 45: 58.

External links

[1] The Plant List, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J.Forbes

[tropicos-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Tropicos, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes

[:1-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. pp. 373–374. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.

[calflora-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f University of California, Calflora taxon report: Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) James Forbes

[SNW-5] Sierra Nevada Wildflowers, Karen Wiese, 2nd Ed. 2013, p. 116

[nuevoleon-6] Flora of North America, Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) J. Forbes, 1833. Common woolly sunflower

[:0-7] Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 144. ISBN 0-87842-280-3. OCLC 25708726.

[8] Pursh, Frederick Traugott (1813). A Systematic Arrangement and Description of The Plants of North America.

[9] Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. achilleoides

[10] Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. arachnoideum

[11] Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. croceum

[12] Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. grandiflorum

[13] Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. hallii

[14] Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. integrifolium

[15] Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. lanceolatum

[16] Calflora: Eriophyllum lanatum var. obovatum

[17] Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map

[rebman-18] Rebman, J. P.; Gibson, J.; Rich, K. (2016). "Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico" (PDF). San Diego Society of Natural History. 45: 58.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]